Pacific

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 * 1) Notes on p. 812-823**
 * 1) **New Divisions and the End of Empires**
 * World divisions
 * 1) Korea: USSR North and US South
 * 2) Taiwan: China
 * 3) Philippines: US
 * 4) Japan: US
 * 5) Vietnam: France
 * 6) Malaya: Great Britain
 * 7) Indonesia: Netherlands
 * Each area, expect Japan, China, and the Koreas, did not settle to the new patterns since they were independent nations
 * 1) **Japanese Recovery**
 * US occupation lasted until 1952 under General Douglas MacArthur, hero of the Battle of Midway
 * Pushed for democratization
 * Universal enfranchisement and gender equality
 * Emperor was a symbolic role with no political power or claims to Shinto divinity
 * Parliament was the supreme body
 * Dominated by the **Liberal Democratic party** from 1955 to the 1990s
 * Genuine multi-party democracy with emphasis on one-party for the interests of order and elite control
 * Japanese influenced the constitution: 1963 law that held elders in a special social position
 * Encouraged labor unions and passed a collective bargaining right
 * Abolished the military, decentralized the police, removed the militant politicians, released political prisoners
 * Shintoism was removed as state religion
 * Zaibatsus were disbanded though it had little long-term impact
 * Landed estates were abolished and land was distributed
 * Denationalized textbooks and opened up secondary education
 * One of the most meritocratic education systems in the world
 * 1) **Korea: Intervention and War**
 * Southern **Republic of Korea** and Northern **People's Democratic Republic of Korea**
 * Stalinist North under dictator Kim il-Sung and authoritarian-like parliamentary south under Syngman Rhee
 * **Korean War** (1950-1953) establishes the Korean Demilitarized Zone (KMZ) which acts as the present-standing border
 * Inter-relations are still bitter as the North centralized under the Kims and the South was taken over by army officers in 1961
 * 1) **Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore**
 * Guomindang authoritarianism was amplified in Formosa (Taiwan) who resented their occupation
 * US beneficiary like South Korea until 1960s
 * Taiwan-China conflicts went from military bombardment to propaganda bombardment
 * Hong Kong remained a British colony until 1997
 * Singapore became an independent nation in 1965, remained a British naval base until 1971 and from then flourished as a free port
 * 1) **Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style**
 * Changes in leadership from 1955-1993 were handled by LB elites and not plebiscite
 * Resembled the oligarchic system of Meiji Japan and Roaring Twenties Japan
 * LB was willing to consult opposition creating powerful political unity
 * Power dwindled by 1980s when they were accused with corruption
 * High government-business coordination led to the name of "Japan, Inc."
 * State-sponsored promotion of birth control to curb population growth
 * Customary art forms (poetry, painting, No theater, flower arrangements, etc.) continued
 * To nationalists like **Hiraoka Kimitoke**, the Japanese culture was disappearing as it melded with international influences
 * 1) **The Economic Surge**
 * By 1983, TNP, per capita income, economic growth was insanely high because of its government-business cooperation, educational focus, and foreign policy
 * One of the top economic powers of the world renown for output and quality
 * Labor unions were organized by the companies
 * Treatment of workers were far better than its competitors
 * Management focused on group consciousness instead of individualism
 * Lack of leisure culture
 * Women, by choice, focused on domestic duties
 * Conformist behaviors were promoted
 * There were tensions against tradition
 * After 1970, great focus was given to environmental issues
 * 1) **The Korean Miracle**
 * Korean government laid a political strong man, opposition leaders were jailed and opposition in general were circumscribed; some freedom of press was allowed
 * Government aid and active entrepreneurship allowed for huge industrial firms like Hyundai to form
 * Workers were extremely well cared for and thus very loyal
 * Korean steel and textiles surpassed Japan
 * Massive population surge, highest population density
 * Caused emigrations and government limits on birth rates
 * Lots of pollution as in Japan
 * 1) **Advances in Taiwan and the City-States**
 * 2) **Common Themes and New Problems**
 * 1) **Common Themes and New Problems**